Tuesday's Egyptian: The Mummy of King Merenre I

Here we have a short but interesting video on the discovery of the Old Kingdom King Merenre I, though it is slightly inaccurate. The early explorers who found their way into the pyramids of the Old Kingdom were, on every occasion, late comers, as visitors in ancient times had destroyed and removed the mummies and most of the funerary material of all the pyramid kings. A century ago, a morbid display in Egypt's national museum was labeled "Fragments of King Unas".


As the founder of Egypt's antiquities service, Auguste Mariette lay dying in his tent at Saqqara in January of 1881, his workers were excavating a pyramid at the site when they located its burial chamber. The job to inspect the contents of the pyramid and sarcophagus was left to Mariette's assistants, the Brugsh brothers, Heinrich and his younger brother Emile.


The great discoveries included the hieroglyphs covering the burial chamber walls, revealing that the king's name, who had built the pyramid, was Merenre I, who reigned from approximately 2287-2278 BCE. One of the last kings of the 6th Dynasty and the Old Kingdom. As the brothers approached the open basalt sarcophagus, they found the well-preserved body of a child lying next to it, bearing a side lock of youth and without its mandible, but otherwise intact.1 This event has been regarded as the first time the mummy of a pyramid king had been found, if not in his own sarcophagus, at least lying next to it.

From this point, the discovery turns from a scientific find into a vaudeville act as the brothers removed the mummy and began carrying it across the hot desert sands of Saqqara. On the way to show Mr. Mariette their discovery, the mummy broke into two pieces, making it much more convenient for the brothers to carry.


At the time, the mummy was believed to be that of Merenre himself; however, at some point, it was felt that the mummy was not of the Old Kingdom but the New Kingdom in age, thus the body could not be of that king. Today, the pendulum has swung back in the light of more recent discoveries. If it is the mummy of King Merenre I, then it is the oldest known example of the nearly intact mummified remains of an Egyptian king.


Last time I checked, the mummy was on display in the Imhotep Museum at Saqqara, covered by a sheet, leaving only the mummy's feet and forehead exposed.


Notes:

1. Tour Egypt: Pyramid of Merenre at South Saqqara

Further Info:

LookLex Encyclopaedia

Pyramid of Unas Open After 20 Years

King Unas ruled from approximately 2375-2345 BCE and built the smallest pyramid of the kings of the Old Kingdom. The Pyramid is located at the necropolis of Saqqara near the Step Pyramid of Djoser and is the first burial of a king to have religious texts carved on its walls. These texts are believed to be the oldest extant religious documents in the world. The texts identify the king with Re and Osiris and are meant to help Unas' soul through the netherworld.

Notes:

Tour Egypt: Unas, Last Ruler of the Fifth Dynasty

Burial of Middle Kingdom Lady Discovered

An excavation team from Spain's Jaen University has found a much-decayed burial of a 12th Dynasty noblewoman called Sattjeni. She is the daughter of a nomarch, Sarenput II, and the mother of two important men from Elephantine who lived during the reign of Amenemhat III, the last important ruler of ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom ca.1800-1775 BC.


The burial is in very bad condition, though the inner coffin can still be made out, as can part of the lady's funerary mask.

Photo: Egypt's Ministry of Antiquities

Sunken Cities: Egypt's Lost Worlds

The British Museum's show "Sunken Cities: Egypt's Lost Worlds" is sponsored by BP and is its first exhibition on underwater archaeology. The exhibition features Egypt's sunken coastal cities of Thonis-Heracleion and Canopus. The show runs for six months and includes 300 artifacts on display, 200 of which are from the excavations. The excavations have been conducted by the underwater archaeological team of Frank Goddio at the mouth of the Nile near Alexandria between 1996 to 2012.


The two cities disappeared beneath the Mediterranean around the ninth century of the common era. The excavations have resulted in a wealth of impressive finds from the undisturbed cities. Thonis-Heracleion and Canopus were founded in the seventh century BC, and in their prime during the period of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Greek rulers dominated from Alexandria over the Egyptian peoples. The exhibition includes a beautifully preserved royal stela of the 30th Dynasty Pharaoh Nectanebo I, and a colossal statue of the Nile god Hapi.
The exhibition Sunken Cities: Egypt's Lost Worlds runs from May 19 to November 27

Notes:

Photo: British Museum